GUIDE TO INTERNATIONAL TRADE
國際貿(mào)易指南

While the terms of sale in international business often sound similar to those commonly used in domestic contracts, they often have different meanings. Confusion over these terms can result in a lost sale or a financial loss on a sale. Thus, it is essential that you understand what terms you are agreeing to before you finalize a contract.

雖然在國際商務(wù)中所使用的銷售條件和國內(nèi)合同中通常所用的銷售條件聽起來很相似，但是它們的含義往往不同。混淆這些條件可能會喪失銷售機會或者導(dǎo)致銷售出現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟損失。因此，在敲定合同之前，理解你所用意的條件是至關(guān)重要的。

Incoterms 2000
By the 1920s, commercial traders developed a set of trade terms to describe their rights and liabilities with regard to the sale and transport of goods. These trade terms consisted of short abbreviations for lengthy contract provisions. Unfortunately, there was no uniform interpretation of them in all countries, and therefore misunderstandings often arose in cross-border transactions.
To improve this aspect of international trade, the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) in Paris developed INCOTERMS (International Commercial TERMS), a set of uniform rules or the interpretation of international commercial terms defining the costs, risks, and obligations of buyers and sellers in international transactions. First published in 1936, these rules have been periodically revised to account for changing modes of transport and document delivery. The current version is Incoterms 2000.

《國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2000》
20世紀20年代，商人們開發(fā)了一套用于說明他們在貨物銷售和運輸中權(quán)利和義務(wù)的貿(mào)易術(shù)語。這些貿(mào)易術(shù)語由代表冗長合同條款的簡短縮寫構(gòu)成。不幸的是，這些術(shù)語在不同的國家沒有同意的解釋，因此，在跨國境貿(mào)易中，常常出現(xiàn)誤解。
為了對國際貿(mào)易的這一領(lǐng)域進行改進，設(shè)在巴黎的國際商會（ICC）開發(fā)了一套用于解釋確定國交儀中買賣雙方費用、風險和責任的統(tǒng)一規(guī)則——國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則。該通則初版于1936，定期進行修訂以反映運輸和單據(jù)交付方式的變化。現(xiàn)行的版本為《國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2000》。

Use of Incoterms
Incoterms are not implied into contracts for the sale of goods. If you desire to use Incoterms, you must specifically include them in your contract. Further, your contract should expressly refer to the rules of interpretation as defined in the latest revision of Incoterms, for example, Incoterms 2000, and you should ensure the proper application of the terms by additional contract provisions. Also, Incoterms are not 'laws'. In case of a dispute, courts and arbitrators will look at: 1) the sales contract, 2) who has possession of the goods, and 3) what payment, if any, has been made. See International Contracts, also by World Trade Press.

《國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》的使用
國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則并非暗含在貨物銷售合同中。如果想采用國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則，必須特地將其寫進合同中。而且合同應(yīng)該明確援引國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則的最新修訂本，如《國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2000》中確定的解釋規(guī)則。此外，還應(yīng)該通過附加的合同條款確保這些術(shù)語的正確應(yīng)用。而且，國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則不是“法律”。當出現(xiàn)糾紛時，法院和仲裁機構(gòu)將考察：（1）銷售合同；（2）誰擁有貨物；（3）如果有的話，進行了哪些支付。參見世界貿(mào)易h出版社出版的《國際貿(mào)易》一書。

Illustrated Guide to Incoterms
This guide was designed to give a graphic representation of the buyer's and seller's risks and costs under each Incoterm. The material on each facing page gives a summary of seller and buyer responsibilities.

《國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》圖解指南
本指南旨在給出每個貿(mào)易術(shù)語下買賣雙方風險和費用的圖解說明。每頁上的材料概括了買賣雙方的責任。
【說明】原書內(nèi)容有圖解說明，但由于文檔制作和論壇結(jié)構(gòu)問題，省略圖解，稍微影響對內(nèi)容的深入理解，但不會造成大的妨礙。

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